Routing
OSPF – Packet Types
The OSPF packet types Hello packet – These packets are multicast periodically to 224.0.0.5 multicast address on all interfaces (unicast on virtual-links) enabling dynamic discovery of neighbours and maintain neighbour relationships. On broadcast and NBMA networks, Hello packets are used to elect DR and BDR. The following hello packets must match on neighboring routers to establish … Read more
OSI and TCP/IP Reference Models
Unit Layers Description Example Protocols Data Application End user layer – provides services to the software through which the user requests network services (browsers, FTP clients, and mail clients are in this layer) HTTP, FTP, IRC, SSH,DNS Data Presentation Syntax Layer – Ensures that data is in a usable format; Translates, encrypts and compresses data SSL/TLS, SSH, … Read more
pfSence Web GUI access via WAN interface
To open the firewall GUI via WAN interface, create a firewall rule to allow remote firewall administration. Firewall > Rules, under WAN Tab Action: pass Interface: WAN Protocol: TCP Source: The IP address or subnet of the client, an alias containing management hosts/networks, or (not recommended) Any Destination: WAN Address Destination port range: HTTPS Description: … Read more
Gartner Magic Quadrant for WAN Edge Infrastructure 2020
VMware, Fortinet, Cisco and Palo Alto Networks are among the Leaders in the 2020 Gartner Magic Quadrant for WAN Edge Infrastructure. As per Gartner, The market for branch office WAN edge functionality continues to rapidly shift from dedicated routing, security and WAN optimization appliances to feature-rich SD-WAN. SD-WAN is replacing traditional branch routers with application aware path … Read more
Network Mnemonics
The following is a list of networking Mnemonics that can be used as a method of remembering certain aspects of networking. 1.DHCP process: “DORA” – DHCP process of Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge 2. OSI Layers (from Layer 7 to 1): “All People Seem To Need Data Processing” – application, presentation, session, transport, network, data-link, physical “Please Do Not Throw Salami Pizza Away” — bottom-to-top (Layer 1 … Read more
Worldwide Ethernet Switch and Router Marketshare 2019
Cisco remains the market leader in Ethernet Switch and Enterprise/Service Provider Router Market segments according to the latest IDC’s Worldwide Quarterly Ethernet Switch and Router Tracker for 4Q19. Read here Switch Market Highlights Growth in the Ethernet switch market continues to be driven by high speed switching platforms. 100Gb Ethernet switch revenues grew 24.7% year over … Read more